The Special issue of Facts reports presents and evaluates collective and individual decentralized electrification solutions that have emerged in recent years both in rural and urban areas of developing countries, using case studies from Madagascar, Rwanda, Brazil Mali or Uganda. The special issue was published by the Veolia Institute in partnership with the FERDI and prefaced by Thierno Bocar Tall, CEO of the African Biofuel and Renewable Energy Company (ABREC) and Jean-Michel Severino, CEO of Investisseurs et Partenaires (I&P).